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Cold storage is the use of cooling facilities to create suitable humidity and low temperature conditions of the warehouse. Also known as cold storage. It is a place for processing and storing products. Mainly used for food, dairy products, meat, aquatic products, chemicals, medicine, nursery, scientific experiments and other constant temperature storage air-conditioning equipment, cold storage is actually a kind of low temperature cold storage (cold storage) also belongs to a kind of refrigeration equipment compared with the refrigerator, the refrigeration area is much larger, but they have the same refrigeration principle.

Cold storage structure requirements: cold storage building from the beginning of construction to the installation of equipment is generally carried out at room temperature, the structural system is also at room temperature; and cold storage put into use, the structural system is in a low temperature environment. The deformation of the structural system caused by the large temperature difference is much larger than that of ordinary buildings, so the temperature stress calculation must be carried out to prevent the "cold bridge". Floor should take antifreeze measures to prevent the foundation uplift and cause damage to the building. At the same time, materials with strong frost resistance should be selected to enhance the frost resistance and durability of the structure.

Safety requirements for cold storage facilities

1. The means of transport for cold storage shall meet the requirements of relevant standards.

2. The warehouse should be reasonably partitioned and set up relevant signs to facilitate the storage, transportation and management of goods in the warehouse.

3. Emergency lighting, opening door lock and alarm device shall be set in the warehouse, which can be used for self-rescue or alarm for help.

The shelves in the warehouse should have sufficient strength and rigidity.

5. The cold storage door shall be surrounded by guardrails with eye-catching signs.

6. Assembly type cold storage should be set up balance window.

7. The machine room should be equipped with oxygen respirator, gas mask, gas protective clothing, rubber gloves, cork, pipe clamp, acid beverage and other necessary protective equipment and rescue drugs, and located in the location of easy access, managed by special personnel, regular inspection, to ensure the use. Relevant personnel should be skilled in the use of oxygen respirator and other appliances and personnel rescue methods.

8. For the refrigeration room with high voltage control cabinet and power distribution cabinet, special tools and protective equipment for high voltage operation shall be equipped.

Safety requirements for cold storage design

The cold storage of the refrigeration system using ammonia as the refrigerant should be built in the surrounding area with a small population density.

2. The main switch for cutting off the power supply of the refrigeration compressor shall be set at the position convenient for operation outside the door of the refrigerator room. This switch shall be able to stop the operation of all refrigeration compressors, and relevant signs shall be set. If the machine control panel is set in the general control room, a button switch shall be added beside each refrigeration compressor.

3. For the ammonia refrigeration system room should be equipped with accident exhaust device; accident exhaust fan should use explosion-proof motor, when the refrigeration system accident and cut off the power supply, should be able to ensure the reliable power supply of the accident exhaust fan. The overload protection of the accident exhaust fan should be applied to the signal alarm system instead of stopping the exhaust fan directly. The control button box of the accident exhaust fan shall be concealed in the wall outside the door of the ammonia compressor.

4. The condenser, oil separator and other equipment located outdoors shall be provided with fences to prohibit non-operators from entering and set up signs. When the high-pressure liquid reservoir is located outdoors, there shall be a sunshade.

5. The cold storage shall be equipped with transformer and distribution room, and shall be as close as possible to the compressor room.

6. Ammonia compressor room and high and low voltage distribution room shall be equipped with emergency lighting, and the lighting duration shall not be less than 30 minutes. Explosion-proof lamps shall be selected for the lighting fixtures in the machine room, and the illuminance shall be 50-70Lx.

7. Ammonia compressor room should be installed ammonia concentration automatic measuring device, when the ammonia concentration close to the lower explosive limit of 10%, should be able to send out alarm signal.

8. The ammonia compressor room shall be equipped with a control room on one side of the room. The start-up control equipment, warehouse temperature telemetry and recording instruments for power equipment that will generate sparks during starting and normal operation shall be arranged in the control room.

9. Each refrigeration compressor, pump, cooling tower and other equipment motor should be equipped with ammeter; the same air cooler, evaporative condenser and other installed several motors can share an ammeter, share a set of control electrical appliances and short circuit protection electrical appliances, but each motor should be set up separately overload protection.

10. The door of the machine room should be opened outwards. The number of doors should ensure that personnel leave quickly in case of emergency.

11. Each refrigeration compressor should be equipped with an emergency stop button on the unit console.

12. Ammonia dilution spraying device shall be set at the top where ammonia leakage is easy and ammonia liquid is concentrated.

13. Safe passage for maintenance and operation shall be set up in the machine room.

14. The illumination of the lighting in the cooling room, freezing room, cold storage room, ice bank and through hall shall not be less than 20Lx; The illumination of the lighting in the processing room, packaging room and other places shall not be less than 50Lx.

15. The layout of lighting fixtures in the cold storage warehouse shall avoid ceiling type air cooler and top row pipe, and the key lights in the operation channel shall be arranged evenly in the warehouse.

16. The lighting switches in the warehouse shall be moisture-proof or air-tight switches. The lighting switches in each warehouse shall be centrally installed outside the door of the warehouse and shall be arranged away from the door.

17. When the installation height of lamps in the warehouse is equal to or less than 2.2m, AC24V safety voltage shall be used for power supply. The metal shell of the lamp shall be connected with the protection line (PE line).

18. Copper-core low-temperature resistant rubber insulated cables shall be used for power and lighting circuits in cold storage warehouses below 0 ℃, and shall be applied.

19. Reliable fire prevention and measures to prevent cold bridges must be taken for electrical lines passing through the thermal insulation layer of the warehouse.

20. No electrical equipment and electrical wiring shall be installed in the attic floor of the warehouse.

21. The cold storage elevator should be distributed by the low-voltage distribution room with a dedicated circuit.

22. Where mechanical ventilation is used as a cold storage for anti-freezing of underground soil, the ventilator should be able to operate automatically according to the temperature of the underground heating layer. 23. Cold storage design should meet the relevant provisions of fire.